GENETIC DIVERSITY AND VARIATION AMONG MAJOR AGRICULTURAL CROP VARIETIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/gafs.v12i2.2582Keywords:
Rice accessions, Phenotypic diversity, Agronomic traits, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysisAbstract
The genetic diversity of rice germplasm is great enough to be useful for crop improvement, parental selection and conservation. In the current study phenotypic diversity and variation of rice accessions was evaluated based on 12 agronomic and morphological traits from a secondary data set of 2266 accessions. Treat variability and multivariate relationships were described by using descriptive statistics, coefficient of variation, spearman correlation analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Significant variation was noted for all the traits evaluated, with the traits with the highest relative variability being CUNO_REPRO, ligule length and seedling height while grain length and grain width were relatively more stable. The correlation analysis showed that CULT_REPRO was highly positively correlated with leaf length, heading-related traits as well as grain width and 100-grain weight. The first two principal components accounted for 47.16% of the total phenotypic variation, with vegetative and reproductive traits having high loadings on PC1 and grain-related traits having high loadings on PC2. A total of 1,865 complete accessions were clustered into two large phenotypic groups that had different agronomic profiles. Results showed that the germplasm used in this study was highly multidimensional phenotypically diverse and the value of multivariate analysis for accessions characterization. The use of molecular markers and multi-location is recommended to enhance future genetic diversity assessment and breeding application.
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